Allergic conjunctivitis: symptoms, types and treatments

The allergic conjunctivitis It is a frequent ocular condition that affects people of all ages, especially in spring and summer. Although it is often confused with infectious conjunctivitis, its origin is very different: it is an immune reaction to allergens such as dust, pollen, mites or animal hair.

If your eyes bite, they are reddened and drag persistently, you could be in front of allergic conjunctivitis. In this Viamed Salud guide, prepared with the collaboration of Dr. Sara Velilla Osés, ophthalmologist at Viamed Los Manzanos, we explain how to identify, treat it and prevent it correctly.

What is allergic conjunctivitis?

Difference between allergic and infectious conjunctivitis

Unlike bacterial or viral conjunctivitis, which is contagious, allergic conjunctivitis It is not transmitted From one person to another. It occurs when the immune system reacts exaggeratedly to harmful substances (allergens), releasing histamine and other inflammatory substances in the eyes.

Why does an allergic reaction occur in the eyes?

The eyes are in direct contact with the environment, so they are exposed to external agents. When a sensitized person comes into contact with an allergen, the conjunctiva (membrane that covers the eye and the eyelid) inflames, generating the characteristic symptoms.

Most common symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis

Red eyes and constant tear

Inflammation causes visible ocular redness and persistent liquid secretion.

Intense itching, sandy feeling

One of the most annoying symptoms. Scratch worsens irritation.

Inflammation of the eyelids

The eyelids can swell, hindering vision or generating eye fatigue.

Aqueous secretion and discomfort when using slows

Contact lenses worsen symptoms and can increase the risk of infection if they do not withdraw on time.

Types of allergic conjunctivitis

Seasonal

It appears at certain times of the year, especially in spring and summer, for pollen allergy or spores.

Perennial

It persists throughout the year and is related to allergens such as dust mites, mold or animal hair.

Severe allergic conjunctivitis

Some severe forms such as Vernal keratoconjunctivitis wave Atopic keratoconjunctivitis They require specialized treatment, since they can affect cornea and put vision at risk.

Causes and Risk Factors

Environmental allergies and genetic predisposition

Having a history of respiratory allergies, asthma or atopic dermatitis increases the probability of developing it.

Use of contact lenses, pollutants, cosmetic products

Direct contact with irritating agents or chemicals can trigger or aggravate symptoms.

Associated allergic diseases

Allergic rhinitis, eczema or asthma often coexist with allergic conjunctivitis.

Diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis

Ophthalmological exploration and medical background

An ophthalmologist can recognize the clinical signs of allergic conjunctivitis through an exploration with a cleft lamp.

Allergy or derivation tests to allergologist

In recurring or serious cases, an allergic study can be carried out to identify the responsible allergen and plan a more personalized treatment.

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Antihistamine eyelets and mast cell stabilizers

They are the most common treatment. They relieve itching, reduce inflammation and can be used for prolonged periods.

Ophthalmic corticosteroids in moderate or serious cases

Indicated only under prescription and medical monitoring, since its prolonged use can have side effects.

Ocular hygiene measures and outbreak prevention

• Wash the eyes with physiological serum.
• Avoid rubbing your eyes.
• Maintain closed windows during pollination.
• Use exterior sunglasses.

What medications are contraindicated?

Avoid prolonged use of eyelets with vasoconstrictors (“eye bleachers”), as they can cause rebound effects or ocular damage.

When to go to the ophthalmologist

Persistent symptoms or that worsen

If the symptoms do not improve with the usual treatment, it is necessary to revalue the diagnosis and adjust the medication.

Doubt about the origin (allergic vs. infectious)

The presence of purulent secretion, eye pain or single -eye affectation can indicate an infection instead of an allergy.

Vision problems or eye pain

They are warning signs that require immediate attention to rule out complications.

Allergic conjunctivitis, although it is not a serious illness, can significantly affect the quality of life if it is not properly treated. Identifying your symptoms, applying proper treatment and preventing exposure to allergens is key to controlling outbreaks.

Given any questions or persistence of symptoms, go to specialists in ophthalmology of Viamed Salud For a precise diagnosis and a treatment adapted to your case.