Spondyloarthrlets: causes, symptoms and treatments

The spondyloarthrosis It is not a disease in itself, but a degenerative process that affects the joints of the spine. It is a form of osteoarthritis that causes the progressive wear of the cartilage that covers the facet joints, which can generate pain, rigidity and limitation of the movement. This condition is more frequent with aging, although it can also be influenced by other factors such as column overload, obesity or sedentary lifestyle. We thank Dr. Javier Orduna, neurosurgeon from Viamed Montecanal, for his collaboration in the elaboration of this content.

What is spondyloarthrosis?

Spondyloarthrosis is a type of osteoarthritis that affects the joints of the spine, especially the facet joints. It is produced by the progressive wear of the cartilage, which causes friction between the bones, inflammation and pain.

Although it shares similarities with other joint diseases, spondyloarthrosis differs because it is a degenerative process associated with aging and repetitive use of the column, not to an autoimmune disease.

Causes of spondyloarthrosis

Aging is one of the main factors that favor the appearance of spondyloarthrosissince over time the cartilage wears out and loses its capacity for regeneration. However, it is not the only risk factor, since there are other elements that can accelerate its development, such as mechanical overload of the column, obesity or lack of physical activity.

• Genetic predisposition: The family history of osteoarthritis can increase risk.
• Column overload: Intense physical activities, works that involve repetitive movements or lifting weight can favor their development.
• Overweight and obesity: Excess weight increases the load on the column joints, accelerating its wear.
• Sedentary: The lack of physical activity weakens the muscles of the back, increasing the pressure on the joints.
• Previous trauma: Column injuries, previous fractures or surgeries can predispose premature joint wear.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Also note that on many occasions it does not cause any symptoms.

Symptoms of spondyloarthrosis may vary according to the location and severity of joint wear. Among the most common are:

• Column pain: It can manifest in the lumbar area (lower part of the back) or in the cervical region (neck), especially when moving or after long periods of inactivity, in the thoracic area it is much less common to the much less mobile and be protected by the rib cage.
• Morning stiffness: Sensation of lack of mobility, which improves with movement throughout the day.
• Movement limitation: Difficulty turning or bowing due to the reduction of joint flexibility.
• Inflammation and sensitivity in the affected area.
• Neurological symptoms: In advanced cases, nerve compression can cause tingling, neuropathic pain and weakness or loss of sensitivity in arms or legs.

Diagnosis

To confirm spondyloarthrosis, the doctor performs a clinical evaluation and image tests to observe the state of the joints. These tests include:

• Radiographs: Allow to detect joint wear and presence of osteophytes (bone growth).
• Magnetic resonance: Evaluate the status of the cartilage and if there are nerves.
• Computed tomography (TC): Provides detailed images of the bone structure of the column.

Available treatments

The treatment of spondyloarthrosis aims to alleviate pain, improve mobility and slow down the progression of the disease.

Medical treatment

• Analgesics and anti -inflammatories: Medications such as paracetamol or NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Muscle relaxants: They are used in cases of associated muscle contractures.
• Corticosteroid infiltrations: They are used in severe cases to relieve pain temporarily.

Physical therapies and rehabilitation

• Physiotherapy: Personalized exercise programs can strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
• Therapeutic exercise: Activities such as yoga, pilates or swimming help maintain flexibility and reduce overload in the column.
• Thermotherapy and electrotherapy: Application of heat, ultrasound or electric currents to relieve pain.

Surgical options

In severe cases where pain and disability significantly affect the quality of life, surgical procedures such as:

• Vertebral decompression: Elimination of osteophytes or bone structures that compress the nerves.
• Spinal fusion: Technique that joins two or more vertebrae to stabilize the column and reduce pain.

Tips for pain prevention and management

Although spondyloarthrosis is a chronic condition, certain habits can help prevent their appearance or relieve their symptoms:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Reduce the pressure on the column and the joints.
• Exercise regularly: Low impact activities strengthen muscles and improve stability.
• Take care of the posture: Maintain a good back alignment when sitting and lifting weight.
• Avoid sedentary lifestyle: Alternate periods of activity with rest to avoid rigidity.
• Consult the specialist regularly: An early diagnosis allows us to initiate proper treatment and prevent complications.

Spondyloarthrosis is not a disease, but a natural condition or evolution of aging, which can manifest with symptoms or not. It is a common degenerative process that, if it is not handled properly, can affect the quality of life. However, with adequate treatment, healthy habits and medical monitoring, it is possible to relieve symptoms and maintain an active life.

If you experience pain or stiffness in the column, it is essential to go to a specialist to obtain a personalized diagnosis and treatment. In Viamed Saludwe have a medical team specialized in back treatments, which will help you find the best solution for your case. Agenda your appointment today and takes the first step towards a better quality of life.