Hyperhidrosis: Causes, symptoms and treatments

Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by excessive sweating, even in situations in which it is not necessary to regulate body temperature. This condition can affect the quality of life of those who suffer from it, causing discomfort, anxiety and difficulties in social or labor relations. We appreciate the collaboration of Dr. Edwin Gallegos Esquivel, a specialist in thoracic surgery at the Viamed Santa Elena University Hospital, for his valuable contribution in the elaboration of this article.

What is hyperhidrosis?

Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition that manifests with excessive sweat production. It is estimated that it affects approximately 3% of the world populationalthough many people do not seek treatment due to ignorance or shame.

Types of hyperhidrosis

There are two main types of hyperhidrosis:

• Primary or focal hyperhidrosis
  • It is not associated with another underlying disease.
  • It usually begins in childhood or adolescence.
  • It affects specific areas of the body, such as armpits, palms of the hands, soles of the feet or face.
  • It usually occurs symmetrically (on both sides of the body).
• Secondary or generalized hyperhidrosis
  • It is a consequence of another medical condition (such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism or infections) or the use of certain medications.

1. • It can affect the whole body or large areas.
   • Sudoration usually happens both day and night.

Types of hyperhidrosis according to its location

Depending on the affected body area, hyperhidrosis can be classified as:

• Axillary hyperhidrosis: It is the most common and affects the armpits, making it difficult to use tight clothing and generating social discomfort.
• Palmar hyperhidrosis: It causes excessive sweating in the palms of the hands, which can hinder everyday activities such as writing, shaking or manipulating objects.
• Plantar hyperhidrosis: It affects the sole of the feet, generating a sensation of constant humidity, slippery and bad smell due to the proliferation of bacteria.
• Craneofacial hyperhidrosis: It manifests itself in the face and scalp, with abundant sweating on the forehead, cheeks and head, which can be especially uncomfortable in social or professional situations.
• Inguinal hyperhidrosis: It occurs in the area of ​​groin and thighs, causing discomfort when dressing certain garments and increasing the risk of skin irritations.

Causes of hyperhidrosis

The causes of hyperhidrosis depend on its kind:

Primary hyperhidrosis: It is believed that it is related to hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates the sweat glands. There may also be a genetic component, since many people with hyperhidrosis have a family history of the condition.

Secondary hyperhidrosis: Can be caused by:

• Metabolic diseases (hyperthyroidism, diabetes).
• Infections (tuberculosis, HIV).
• Neurological disorders
• Certain medications (antidepressants, analgesics).
• Hormonal changes (menopause, pregnancy).

Symptoms of hyperhidrosis

Symptoms vary in intensity, but the most common include:

• Excessive sweating in hands, feet, armpits or face.
• Sweating episodes that are not related to the ambient temperature.
• Visible sweat stains on clothes.
• Sensation of constant moisture in the skin.
• Difficulty holding objects due to sweating in the hands.
• Emotional impact, anxiety or social shame.

Diagnosis of hyperhidrosis

To diagnose hyperhidrosis, a doctor will evaluate the patient’s symptoms and history. In some cases, you can request additional tests, such as:

• Starch-iodine test: Iodine is applied to the skin and then starch to identify areas of excessive sweating.
• Second paper test: A special role on the skin is placed to measure the amount of sweat.
• Blood analysis or hormonal studies to rule out underlying diseases in cases of secondary hyperhidrosis.

Treatments for hyperhidrosis

There are several options to treat hyperhidrosis, from topical solutions to more advanced medical procedures.

• Antitranspirants with aluminum chloride
  • Free sales or prescription antitranspirants help block sweat glands. They are an effective initial option for mild cases.
• Oral medication
  • Some medications, such as anticholinergics, reduce the activity of the sweat glands. However, they can have side effects such as oral dryness or blurred vision.
• Botulinic toxin (Botox)
  • Botulinum toxin injections temporarily block the nerves responsible for sweating. It is an effective treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis, palmar and planting, with results that last between 4 and 6 months.
• Istoforesis
  • This procedure uses low voltage electric current to inhibit the activity of the sweat glands in hands and feet. Proof is required to maintain the results.
• Surgery (Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy – Ste)
  • In severe cases, a surgery can be used in which the nerves that activate excessive sweating are blocked. However, it can have risks, such as compensatory sweating in other areas of the body.
• Laser or microwave treatments
  • Some modern procedures destroy the sweat glands with heat, offering a more lasting solution without the need for invasive surgery.

Tips for controlling hyperhidrosis on a day to day

In addition to medical treatments, some habits can help reduce sweating and improve the quality of life:

• Wear cotton clothes and avoid synthetic fabrics.
• Apply anti -transpirants before sleeping for better absorption.
• Maintain proper hygiene and change clothes when necessary.
• Avoid spicy food, caffeine and alcohol, which can increase sweating.
• Practice relaxation techniques, such as meditation or yoga, to reduce stress.

Hyperhidrosis is a condition that can significantly affect daily life, but there are multiple treatment options to control it. From topical solutions to advanced medical procedures, each patient can find the most appropriate alternative according to their needs.

If you experience excessive sweating and look for an effective solution, consult with a specialist to receive a precise diagnosis and know the best treatment for your case.