Solar burn: phases, symptoms, treatment and prevention

Spending time to the sun has health benefits, such as vitamin D production and mood improvement. However, prolonged and unprotected exposure can cause cutaneous damage known as Solar burn. Although it is usually considered a minor problem, solar burns may have serious consequences for skin health, especially if they are frequently repeated.

We appreciate the collaboration and advice of Dr. Jose Antonio Heras Tabernero, dermatologist at the Viamed San Fernando Medical Center, whose experience has been key to offering precise and useful information about the prevention and treatment of solar burns.

In this article by Viamed Salud we explain how to identify the Phases of a solar burnrecognize whether it is a slight or serious situation, and what to do in each case. In addition, we offer you advice to prevent them effectively.

What is a solar burn?

Cutaneous damage due to ultraviolet radiation

A solar burn is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), especially rays UVB. This type of radiation damages the DNA of skin cells, which triggers an inflammatory response that manifests with redness, pain, heat and, in more severe cases, blisters.

According to the intensity of the exposure and the individual characteristics of the skin, the burns can vary from slight to serious.

Phases of a solar burn

Phase 1: redness and inflammation

It usually appears between 2 and 6 hours after sun exposure. The skin looks red, hot to touch, tense and can generate discomfort or itching.

Phase 2: Ampoules, peeling or intense pain

Between 6 and 48 hours later they can form Ampoules or bubbles full of liquid, a sign that the lesion affects deeper layers of the skin. The area can hurt or even at rest.

Phase 3: Healing and regeneration of the skin

After several days (from 4 to 10), the skin begins to desquamate. At this stage it is essential to keep the skin hydrated and protected to avoid infections or scars.

When is it considered a serious solar burn?

Alarm signs

A solar burn can be considered serious if it presents:

• Extensive ampoules on face, torso or limbs.
• Fever, chills, nausea or dizziness.
• Pain that prevents daily activity.
• Signs of infection (Pus, bad smell, increased redness).

Risk factors

They are more likely to suffer serious burns:

• Children and babies.
• Very clear leather people.
• Over 65 years.
• Who take photosensitive medicines.
• People with a history of skin or immunosuppressed cancer.

What to do before a solar burn according to its severity

First aid at home

For minor burns:

• Remove yourself from the sun immediately.
• Applies cold compresses Or give yourself a warm water shower (not cold or hot).
• USA soothing creams With aloe vera or calamina.
• Drink plenty of water to keep you hydrated.

Care in more advanced phases

• Do not burst the blisters. Protect the area with sterile gauze.
• Applies creams recommended by a doctor, such as Topical corticosteroids.
• Avoid rubbing or scratching the skin.
• Wear loose cotton clothes so as not to irritate the area.

When to go to the doctor

Immediate consultation yes:

• The lesions cover a large part of the body.
• You have fever, dehydration or vomiting.
• There are signs of infection or very intense pain.

Common mistakes that worsen a solar burn

• Apply ice directly on the skin: It can cause cold burns.
• Use irritating products: Alcohol, perfumes or essential oils can damage the skin more.
• Expose again to the sun: until the skin is completely recovered.
• Scratch: Increases the risk of infection and scars.

How to prevent future solar burns

Effective photoprotection

• Use sunscreen FPS 50+ with UVA and UVB filters.
• Applies 30 minutes before of exposing and reaplies every 2 hours.
• Choose water resistant protectors if you go to the beach or pool.

Safe habits when sunbathing

• Avoid exposure between 12:00 and 16:00 hours.
• Use hats, sunglasses and clothing with UV filter.
• Frequently seek shadow and limits time under the direct sun.

Photoprotection education for children

• Teach since childhood the correct use of sunscreen.
• Promote game in shadow areas.
• Consult with the pediatrician which products are the most appropriate.

Solar burns may seem harmless, but their long -term consequences include premature aging, permanent skin damage and even greater risk of skin cancer. That is why it is fundamental recognize early signsknow how to act according to gravity and, above all, prevent with good photoprotection.

If you suffer a severe or recurring solar burn, consult with the dermatology specialists of Viamed Salud To receive a personalized treatment and protect the health of your skin.